Australia-Resources and Utilisation Question and Answer| ICSE Class 6

A: Choose the Correct Option

1. Citrus fruits are grown in → Mediterranean regions
   
2. Removal of leaves from the body of sheep is called → Shearing
   
3. The Bass Strait has deposits of → Oil and natural gas
   
4. The Trans-Australian Railway links → Sydney and Perth (Correction: The question should be “Perth and Sydney”)
   
5. The famous Opera House is located at → Sydney
   

B: Fill in the Blanks

1. The largest lake in Australia is Lake Eyre.
   
2. Sugarcane is grown in the coastal region of Queensland.
   
3. The Great Barrier Reef is a famous fishing spot in Australia.
   
4. Newcastle is called the Pittsburgh of Australia.
   
5. The Royal Flying Doctor Service (RFDS) provides air ambulance service to people living in remote areas.
   

C: Mark the Wrong Statements and Correct Them

1. The Murray-Darling Basin is an important agricultural region. ✅ (Correct)
   
2. Merino is the best breed of cattle. ❌ (Wrong) → Merino is the best breed of sheep.
   
3. New South Wales has rich deposits of coal. ✅ (Correct)
   
4. Australia imports meat and dairy products. ❌ (Wrong) → Australia exports meat and dairy products.
   
5. Melbourne is often called the sporting and cultural capital of Australia. ✅ (Correct)
   

D: Answer these questions in 10–20 words

1. Name the largest river system in Australia and mention the regions drained by it.
   The Murray-Darling River System drains southeast Australia, covering New South Wales, Victoria, and parts of Queensland.
2. Which is the main food crop of Australia? Name the states where it is grown.
   Wheat is the main food crop. It is grown in New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, and Western Australia.
3. Which factors have encouraged sheep rearing in Australia?
   Dry climate, open grasslands, large farms, and high demand for wool encourage sheep rearing.
4. What do you understand by the Great Gold Rush?
   The Great Gold Rush was a period in the 1850s when gold was discovered, attracting many people to Australia.
5. Why is Newcastle called the “Pittsburgh of Australia”?
   Newcastle is a center of iron and steel industry, like Pittsburgh in the USA, hence the name.
6. Why is the horticulture industry important in Australia?
   Horticulture provides fruits, vegetables, flowers, and jobs. It also helps earn money through exports.
7. Name four items each of Australia’s imports and exports.
   Exports: Wool, wheat, coal, iron ore
   Imports: Machinery, petroleum, vehicles, medicines
8. When and why did the first European settlers come to Australia?
   In 1788, the British came to set up a prison colony and expand their empire.
9. What are the major natural highways called in Australia? Name the longest highway.
   They’re called highways or outback roads. The Stuart Highway is the longest, running north to south.
10. Which is the busiest seaport in Australia?
    Port of Melbourne is the busiest seaport, handling most of Australia’s trade and container ships.

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E. Answer these questions in 50–60 words

1. Describe the dairy farming activity as practiced in Australia.
   Dairy farming is mainly done in the wet coastal regions. Farmers raise cattle for milk, butter, and cheese. It uses modern methods and machines. Dairy products are consumed locally and also exported to other countries, making it an important industry.
2. Explain the factors that have determined the location of industrial centers in Australia.
   Industries in Australia are mainly located near raw materials, transportation routes, markets, and ports. Availability of power, water, and skilled workers also influences their location. Most industries are found in the southeastern coastal regions where population and infrastructure are better.
3. Enumerate the factors that have resulted in the concentration of population on the eastern and southern coasts of Australia.
   Fertile land, good climate, job opportunities, and better transport attract people to the eastern and southern coasts. These regions have major cities, industries, schools, and hospitals, making them more developed and populated than the dry central areas.

F. Answer these questions in 75–100 words

1. Give an account of the work done in a sheep station.
   Sheep stations are large farms where thousands of sheep are raised for wool and meat. Workers take care of feeding, shearing, and protecting the sheep. Shearing is done once a year using electric clippers. The wool is cleaned, sorted, and packed for sale or export. Some sheep stations are so big that they use helicopters and motorbikes to manage the flocks. They are important to Australia’s wool industry.
2. Australia has an excellent transport network. Justify this statement.
   Australia has a modern and well-planned transport system. It has highways, railways, ports, and airports connecting cities, farms, and mines. Major cities like Sydney and Melbourne are linked by fast trains and flights. Remote areas are reached by air and long highways. Seaports handle exports and imports. This strong network supports trade, travel, and the economy.

G. Give reasons for the following

1. About 20% of the water used in Australia is groundwater.
   Many parts of Australia are dry, so people depend on underground water from wells and the Great Artesian Basin.
2. Farming is highly recognized in Australia.
   Australia has modern farms, uses machines, and grows crops like wheat and sugar, making farming important to its economy.
3. Dairy cattle are raised in the wetlands.
   Wetlands have more grass and water, which are needed for feeding and raising healthy dairy cattle.
4. Air transport is very popular in Australia.
   Australia has large distances and remote areas, so people use air travel for speed and easy access.

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