ccuktSection I: Understanding Earth’s Land and Water Distribution What Are the Major Landforms and Water Bodies on Earth? Processes Responsible for Landforms: Internal and External Forces Landforms are formed by two main processes:(a) Internal Processes Section II: The Seven Continents of the World Asia: The Largest Continent on Earth Africa: The Second Largest Continent with … Read more
Section I: The Earth in the Solar System Introduction to Heavenly Bodies and Celestial Objects All the objects that we see in the sky are called heavenly bodies or celestial bodies. They include the stars, planets, satellites, asteroids, meteors and comets, which are rotating and revolving in a limitless space called the space. Understanding the … Read more
What is a Globe and What Are Its Key Features? A globe is a small-scale three dimensional model of the earth which is mounted on an axis so that it can be rotated freely. The imaginary lines of latitudes and longitudes are drawn. It is spherical, slightly flattened at the poles and bulging at the … Read more
The Renaissance stands as one of the most transformative eras in human history. Spanning roughly from the 14th to the 17th century, this vibrant cultural movement bridged the gap between the Middle Ages and modern history. Derived from the French word for “rebirth,” the Renaissance was characterized by a massive resurgence of interest in classical … Read more
The Mughal Empire: A Comprehensive History of India’s Greatest Dynasty Timeline of the Mughal Empire The Mughals called themselves so after their Mongol ancestry. Unlike the Delhi Sultanate, which was ruled by many dynasties, the Mughal period witnessed rule by a single dynasty for nearly two-and-a-half centuries. Sher Shah Suri’s rule was the only break … Read more
Vijayanagar and Bahmani Kingdoms: A Comparative History of South India Timeline of the Vijayanagar and Bahmani Kingdoms The Pandyas, the Hoysalas, the Kakatiyas and the Yadavas had come to dominate the vast region of South India after the decline of the Chalukya and Chola kingdoms. However, as a result of repeated campaigns on Deccan and … Read more
The Delhi Sultanate: A Complete History of Medieval India’s Muslim Dynasties Timeline of the Delhi Sultanate Mohammad Ghori died in AD 1206 leaving no heir to the throne. Qutbuddin Aibak, a general of Mohammad Ghori, eventually succeeded him to the throne. The dynasty established by Qutbuddin came to be known as the Slave or Mamluk … Read more
The Early Vedic Period: Foundations of Aryan Civilization in India Introduction|Why Did the Aryans Win Against the Dasas and Dasyus? The glorious Harappan civilization (2500 B.C.-1500 B.C.) embraced decline. At this time, the Aryans commenced to arrive in India. Aryans were nomadic people who lived in Central Asia. Conflicts arose with the native inhabitants, dasas … Read more
Ancient Civilizations or River Valley Civilizations Introduction During Bronze Age, many civilizations developed around river valley due to various reasons. These reasons being abundant water supply; land was fertile that supported substantial growth; agricultural growth provided time for recreational and artistic activities. Rivers also supported means of transport. This led to trade and commerce. These … Read more
Introduction to History The story of human civilisation can be broadly divided into ancient, medieval and modern. Of these, the Ancient period is the longest one. It is said that about 3.6 million years ago, primates which came to be known as hominids began to be differentiated from the anthropoid apes such as the chimpanzees … Read more